UK Nature and Environment

A Surrey landscape which is home to lizards and an area known as the Devil’s Punch bowl has been designated a national nature reserve.

Natural England, which advises the Government on the environment, announced the creation of the Wealden Heaths National Nature Reserve on Friday.

This means the 2,766-hectare landscape has been marked out as an area of focus for conservation and nature restoration efforts.

When newts go a-wooing, sometime in the spring, their signature move is the handstand. Girl newts cluster round to watch, while the boy newts flip on to their creepily human hands and shake their tails in the air. The waggiest newt is the winner, although the actual act of love is a strictly no-contact sport. The male deposits a packet of sperm on an underwater leaf for the female to collect and insert into her own reproductive tract. The whole business is best thought of, says Karen R Jones, as a “sexually charged game of pass-the-parcel”.

This kind of anthropomorphising often strikes naturalists as unscientific or even downright distasteful. But Jones is an environmental historian and her methodology allows, indeed impels, her to start from the principle that Britain’s human and animal populations are culturally entwined. Consequently, we cannot “see” a fox, hedgehog or newt without bringing to it a rich stew of presumptions and fantasy, drawn from childhood picturebooks, out-of-date encyclopedias and, in my case, the 1970s TV classic Tales of the Riverbank, in which small critters say funny things in the West Country burr of .

This pre-knowing can have a radical impact on the chances of a particular species flourishing or going under. Take hedgehogs, which, Jones tells us in this beautifully written book, have been in Britain for the last 15m years. They witnessed the extinction of the woolly mammoth and saw the first humans arrive in Europe. It was at this point that they started to pick up a reputation for general malevolence. Bandit-like, hedgehogs were reputed to sneak into human settlements at night and steal poultry eggs (true) and suck the udders of sleeping cows (almost certainly false). Their ability to munch on toxic toads without getting sick (true) and willingness to ferry any witch who had lost her broomstick (surely very uncomfortable) confirmed that hedgehogs had gone over to the dark side. No wonder that killing them counted as a public service: the records of one Cheshire village show 8,585 hedgehogs destroyed over a 35-year period in the late 1600s.

A wildlife trust condemns the government's proposal to weaken biodiversity net gain (BNG) requirements warning that it could "devastate local nature".

The Berkshire, Buckinghamshire & Oxfordshire Wildlife Trust (BBOWT) says the government's requirements for small and medium-sized housing developments will erode community wellbeing across the three counties.

BNG was introduced , externalto ensure that new developments leave nature in a better state than before.

A study focused on protecting Scotland's capercaillie population by managing predators through non-lethal means has seen brood numbers double in target areas.

The capercaillie is a ground-nesting bird that, with just over 500 left in the wild, is in danger of extinction in the UK. One contributor to its decline is the eating of eggs and chicks by predators, including another protected species, the pine marten.

Diversionary feeding is a conservation technique designed to reduce predator impacts on vulnerable species without harming the predators themselves. By providing an alternative, easy meal - deer carrion in this study - it gives predators a readily accessible food source so they don’t need to search for rarer food like capercaillie nests in the same area.

New detailed assessments of marine protected areas (MPA) in Wales show which habitats and species are doing well in Welsh waters, but highlight the need for more action to improve habitat, biodiversity and water quality, according to Natural Resources Wales (NRW).

A total of 85 features designated across 17 marine special areas of conservation (SACs) and special protected areas (SPAs) have been assessed to determine if their conservation objectives are being met. This covers 37% of the Welsh Marine Protected Area network.

These features include a range of rare and protected species and habitats, such as grey seals, sea lamprey, otter, sandbanks, mudflats, reefs and saltmarsh.

In March 2020, the Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) launched the Forests for our Future programme. This initiative set an ambitious target: to plant 18 million trees and create 9,000 hectares of new woodland by 2030. This was in the context of the ongoing nature and climate crises and the important role of woodlands as nature-based solutions.

The programme supports woodland creation by providing grant aid to cover associated costs, with funding available through the Small Woodland Grant Scheme and the Forest Expansion Scheme.

This year marks the halfway point of the 10-year Forests for our Future programme. While woodland planting rates have increased since its launch, progress remains well below the level required to meet the 9,000 hectare target. To date, 2,016 hectares of new woodland have been created through the Small Woodland Grant Scheme and the Forest Expansion Scheme, less than a quarter of the overall goal at the programme’s midpoint. This shortfall highlights the urgent need for DAERA to accelerate delivery if the full ambition of the initiative is to be achieved.

The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland (RZSS) and its partners have launched the first-ever Pine Hoverfly Conservation Strategy, a landmark plan designed to safeguard one of Britain’s most endangered native species and restore the health of the native woodland ecosystems it calls home.

The strategy, developed by the Pine Hoverfly Steering Group as part of the Rare Invertebrates in the Cairngorms (RIC) project, sets out a coordinated, science-led approach focused on breeding, habitat restoration, identification of suitable release sites, post-release monitoring and securing ongoing project funding. This comprehensive plan aims to reverse the decline of the pine hoverfly, an insect that plays a crucial role as both pollinator and decomposer in Scotland’s forest environments.

Dr Helen Taylor, conservation programme manager at RZSS, said, “The Pine Hoverfly Conservation Strategy is a major milestone. It provides a clear roadmap for improving the long-term prospects of this species and highlights the importance of a collaborative effort across multiple organisations to maximise chances of conservation success. Having a clear strategy is recognised as a key step in reversing the decline of threatened species and is a key part of the work that RZSS is involved in.

A monumental clean-up operation has commenced in Kent to remove 30,000 tonnes of hazardous waste illegally dumped in a woodland in Kent.

The extensive effort at Hoad’s Wood in Ashford, coordinated by the Environment Agency, is expected to take a year to complete.

The vast quantities of harmful material, which first appeared in 2023, are piled up to 15ft high in some areas of the woodland.

The UK Pollinator Monitoring Scheme (PoMS), which engages thousands of citizen scientists to record insects on surveys across the UK countryside and gardens, is emphasising the value of having a wide range of plants and habitats to support a diverse range of pollinators.

The latest annual report of the scheme, coordinated by the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (UKCEH), has been published at the start of Insect Week 2025, organised by the Royal Entomological Society (RES). The RES is calling on everyone to pledge to discover, observe and protect insects in all their fascinating glory.

The PoMS report highlights some interesting findings from 2024.

Hidden but vulnerable marine treasure discovered in collaboration between the Marine Biological Association, Silverback Films and Open Planet Studios.

In an extraordinary moment of chance during the production of Ocean with David Attenborough, a vibrant and exceptionally well-preserved pink sea fan reef has been discovered off the southwest coast of England. The find, described as a “little sanctuary”, showcases a flourishing underwater habitat that has remained hidden until now.  

This vibrant, undisturbed habitat, teeming with marine life, was uncovered by researchers from the Marine Biological Association (MBA) and filmmakers on Ocean with David Attenborough, and underscores both the resilience of the ocean and the urgent need to protect its hidden treasures. 

A rich fenland has been chosen as one of four locations in Europe to trial a system of "wet farming" to maintain valuable wildlife ecosystems.

Great Fen at Speechly's Farm, between Peterborough and Huntingdon, is part of a so-called "paludiculture" pilot, known as the PaluWise project.

The method involves growing without draining the land - and at the Great Fen it will be used to grow crops including bulrush and wet grassland.

The combination of sunny spring weather and habitat improved by a herd of red Devon cattle has led to a surge in numbers of one of the UK’s rarest butterflies on moorland in the English west country.

As well as increasing in established pockets on Exmoor, the heath fritillary is spreading to new areas, which experts say is highly unusual.

More than 1,000 heath fritillary butterflies, nicknamed the woodman’s follower, have been seen at sites on the National Trust’s Holnicote Estate on Exmoor and nearby land, a significant rise from about 600 at the same time last year.

A moth species long thought to be extinct in England has made a dramatic return, rediscovered at local conservation charity Kent Wildlife Trust’s Lydden Temple Ewell Reserve near Dover after a 73-year absence.

Periclepsis cinctana, once known as the ‘Dover Tortrix’ and more recently renamed the ‘Tiree Twist’, was last recorded in England in 1952. Believed to survive only on the remote Scottish island of Tiree, its rediscovery has stunned the UK conservation community.

The breakthrough came when Rebecca Levey, an ecologist with Butterfly Conservation, was surveying the site with volunteers searching for Straw Belle caterpillars. Spotting the small chalky-white moth with distinctive orangey-brown markings, she immediately recognised its significance and contacted Dave Shenton, Kent Wildlife Trust’s Local Wildlife Sites Officer and Kent County Moth Recorder.

This Insect Week (June 23rd to 29th), The Wildlife Trusts and Royal Horticultural Society are asking gardeners to look out for hornet look-a-likes, as part of their ‘Be a hoverfly hero’ campaign.

According to insect experts at the two organisations, nature can be canny: what you think is a hornet may be a hoverfly disguised as its more fearsome fellow pollinator – both do important jobs in your garden.

These creatures are deploying a cunning art – Batesian mimicry – named after explorer Henry Walter Bates. Whilst exploring Amazon rainforests, he noted that many species had evolved to look scarier than they actually were, to avoid being eaten by predators.

Woodland where 12 football fields worth of trees was illegally felled by its owner is to become a nature reserve after an organisation which helped in a long-running court case bought the land.

Jeff Lane caused a "devastating loss" to the environment by the illegal felling of 2,000 trees in 2019 on more than eight hectares (20 acres) on Gower, Swansea.

At the time, Natural Resources Wales (NRW) called it the worst case of illegal tree felling it had seen in 30 years.

The organisers of an initiative aimed at reversing a decline in numbers of house martins are asking members of the public to report the locations of nests.

The distinctive dark blue and white birds, which migrate from Africa each spring, are on the UK's Red List of endangered bird species.

The Hampshire House Martins Project will use the data gathered to help with conservation efforts, including providing artificial nest cups.

Northern Ireland’s first Climate Action Plan. Some positives, but it’s late, has limited ambition and refuses to take on the biggest polluters in Big Agri-Food.

There are some good things in the Climate Action Plan, but you must work hard to find them in this 280-page consultation. The Climate Action Plan should have been laid before the Assembly by the end of 2023.

Five beaver kits have been born in Cairngorms National Park for the second year in a row – after a 400-year hiatus.

The kits have been captured on camera at two separate sites in the park, in the Scottish Highlands, and hopes are high more may be born on other sites.

Beavers were first released into the park less than two years ago in a bid to establish a “healthy, sustainable” population.

I haven’t found an hour when I don’t love a bog. Recently, after a night of counting rare caterpillars in Borth in Mid Wales (they come out only after dark), walking back to the car under the glow of a flower moon, I wondered if 2am was my new favourite. I felt very safe, held by the bog’s softness, and everyone that was out at that hour seemed to have a sense of humour. I met a nightjar hopping around on the ground, pretending, I think, to be a frog.

But there is also something about the humidity of a languid afternoon on a bog, when everything slows and fat bumbles hum, that is surprisingly good. I have done freezing horizontal rain and thick, cold-to-your-bones fog and wind so howling that I couldn’t think. All of those were hard, but I did come away feeling truly alive.

I have travelled to the tip of Scotland and far beyond to visit bogs. In all the hours, days and weeks I have spent on them, I have learned that time behaves differently. It stretches out like the bog landscape, seeming to still the world beyond. There is something very special about that.

Osprey chicks have hatched in the East of England for the first time in more than 250 years, according to a wildlife trust.

The fish-eating birds of prey arrived at Ranworth Broad nature reserve near Wroxham in April and the first sighting of their chicks was on Friday.

The Norfolk Wildlife Trust described it as a "significant moment for wildlife conservation" in the county.

Senior visitor centre manager Teala Leeder said: "Getting my first glimpse of the chicks and confirming our greatest hope was just incredible."

The recent ecological collapse of the River Wye due to pollution from intensive agriculture has been well documented. But the slow-motion repetition of this ecocide on the neighbouring River Severn has largely unfolded out of sight.

For years, local authorities have been waving through industrial-scale livestock production units across the catchment of this iconic river. These toxic megafarms produce vast quantities of animal waste, which is spread on local land with minimal consideration for the cumulative environmental destruction it can cause.

This week, the high court called time on this practice. In a landmark ruling, the court quashed Shropshire council’s planning permission for a 230,000-bird intensive poultry unit near two protected wetland sites and a mile from the banks of the Severn. The court found the council had unlawfully failed to assess the cumulative impact of adding yet another waste-spewing chicken megafarm to an already bloated cluster of intensive poultry units (IPUs).

A Scots river has been found to have the second highest concentration of a toxic chemical thought to harm human fertility ever found in the world.

Joint research by York University and environmental charity Fidra has raised the alarm on levels of TFA (trifluoroacetic acid) in ­Glasgow’s River Kelvin.

The “forever chemical” takes more than 1000 years to break down in the environment and German government scientists recently pushed for the EU to classify it as toxic to ­reproduction amid growing fears.

Limits on the amount of greenhouse gases Scotland will emit over the coming decades have been announced as part of action to tackle climate change.

The Carbon Budgets propose five-year, statutory limits on emissions from 2026 to 2045. The proposed budgets are in line with the advice from the independent Climate Change Committee (CCC) and the Scottish Government’s own assessments.

Hundreds of turtle doves are being released this summer as conservationists race against the clock to save the species from extinction in England.

The cooing doves, which mate for life, are the fastest-declining bird species in the country. Just 2,000 pairs are left, a decline of 98% since the 1970s. This is because their habitats in scrubby areas have been destroyed and thousands are shot on their migratory route across Europe.

But their distinctive purr can now be heard on estates in Somerset, Exeter, Suffolk, Lincolnshire and Norfolk as an audacious plan to breed and release hundreds of birds gets off the ground.

The amount of water being sucked from England’s rivers has surged to record levels, with potentially disastrous consequences for people and wildlife, it can be revealed.

An investigation into licensing data by Watershed Investigations and the Guardian found that the volume of water taken from rivers and lakes for industrial or public consumption has jumped 76% in two decades: 11.6m cubic metres (410 cu ft) were abstracted in the five years to 2023, up from 6.6m in the early 2000s.

Abstraction – the removal of water from rivers, lakes, underground aquifers or tidal waters – is permitted for farming, industry or public supply. Anyone using more than 20 cubic metres a day needs a licence from the Environment Agency or Natural Resources Wales, setting limits on how much water they can take. Similar rules apply in Scotland.