Fermentation

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Does lacto-fermentation break down agaritine in Agaricus? (slrpnk.net)

submitted 4 weeks ago by malte@slrpnk.net to c/fermentation@mander.xyz

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I love the flavor that develops from lacto fermenting mushrooms. I'm a little bit suspicious of white button mushrooms (Agaricus species) since they contain agaritine. Agaritine is broken down by heat, making it safe. If you eat raw Agaricus, the agaritine is made into phenylhydrazines in the gut, which causes liver damage and can eventually make you anemic. Under no circumstances should you eat raw Agaricus.

So what about lacto-fermenting them? We know agaritine is heat sensitive. Is it also sensitive to microbial activity, so that it breaks down?

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[–] malte@slrpnk.net 3 points 3 weeks ago (1 children)

Interesting. We're getting close to actual research territory here and it seems your hypothesis is something that could be worth testing. Until then, I find it plausible and I'll probably continue using moderate amounts of lacto-fermented Agaricus on the assumption that the agaritine is released into the brine and then subsequently degraded.

[–] Sal@mander.xyz 1 points 3 weeks ago

I think it would be an interesting hypothesis to test.

I looked a bit more and extended my search into brines, and was able to find another set of data in the following paper:

Roupas, P., Keogh, J., Noakes, M., Margetts, C., & Taylor, P. (2010). Mushrooms and agaritine: A mini-review. Journal of Functional Foods, 2(2), 91-98.

This one is not freely available, but it is found in SciHub and I can also share the PDF if needed.

This relevant section discusses that mushrooms canned in liquid and in brine were measured to have less agaritine, which makes sense. I think that lactofermentation helps degrade even more due to the acid, additional metabolic activity, and possibly a bit more oxygen.

I agree that it would be nice to research. I am surprised that it hasn't been (or at least it is not easy to find). I did find research on other methods such as heating and drying, but I could not find lacto fermentation....

Agaritine content of mushrooms

The agaritine content in fresh A. bisporus mushrooms in Swit- zerland has been reported to be in the range of 94–629 mg/kg fresh weight. Canned mushrooms contained 1–55 mg/kg drained weight with 3–103 mg/L in the liquid. The highest agaritine values were reported in dried commercial mush- rooms amounting to 2110–6905 mg/kg (Fischer et al., 1984). In Sweden, Andersson et al. (1999) measured agaritine in fresh mushrooms and 35 canned mushroom products (A. bisporus). Two fresh samples contained 212 and 229 mg/kg, respectively. Agaritine levels in brine were generally slightly lower than the levels detected in canned mushrooms. Canned whole mushrooms contained 14.9 ± 6.7 mg agaritine per kg product whereas cut mushrooms contained 18.1 ± 7.8 mg/kg. The wet canning process was shown to reduce the level of agaritine in A. bisporus by 10-fold resulting in lower levels in canned products. On a portion basis, somewhat higher amounts of agaritine may be found in some other food prod- ucts (mushroom soup and pasta sauce) containing A. bisporus (Andersson et al., 1999).