this post was submitted on 23 Oct 2023
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Linux
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Linux is a family of open source Unix-like operating systems based on the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).
Distributions include the Linux kernel and supporting system software and libraries, many of which are provided by the GNU Project. Many Linux distributions use the word "Linux" in their name, but the Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to emphasize the importance of GNU software, causing some controversy.
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You make a lot of good points, but I have to disagree on the "don't let the user see or touch anything". That's very much not the way immutable distros behave (and I speak mostly about Fedora Silverblue here, I don't have experience with other immutable systems): you can touch and change anything and often times you have mechanisms put in place by the distro developers to do exactly that. It's just that the way you make changes is very different from classical distros, that's all, but you can definitely customize and change whatever you want. I feel the comparison between immutable distros and Apple is really far off: Apple actively prevents users from making changes, while immutable Linux is the opposite -- while there may be some technical limitations, the devs try to empower the user as much as possible.
Thanks for replying. It seems that my impression of immutable might be off. I'm glad to hear you actually can make changes.
I assume the must be some kind of core trust can't be changed? Or does the immutable name refer simply to the ability to roll back?
The immutable part (again, only speaking about Silverblue, I don't know about others) refers to the inability to make changes online (i.e. without rebooting), but you can eventually change whatever file you want. The way it works is you would make your changes in a copy of the current filesystem and at boot simply mount and use the copy. If something goes wrong, you just mount the original at next boot and you have rolled back.
Fantastic. Thanks for explaining that to me. That actually sounds very good and not at all restrictive. Cool. I can see why things are moving in that direction.
If you do a rollback, I assume your data remains? I assume you might need to reinstall apps which were not in the original? Or does it keep apps, data and settings across a restore?
In CoreOS (Silverblue),
/etc,/varand/home(which is in fact a symlink towards/var/home) are regular writable partitions, so your data, configs and personal files are not touched by the upgrade/rollback procedure.All the packages (and their dependencies) you've installed extra are also upgraded/rolledback when you do a system upgrade.
Fantastic. That's cool. Thank you 🙏