this post was submitted on 07 Nov 2024
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Cyberpunk
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What is Cyberpunk?
Cyberpunk is a science-fiction sub-genre dealing with the integration of society and technology in dystopian settings. Often referred to as “low-life and high tech,” Cyberpunk stories deal with outsiders (punks) who fight against the oppressors in society (usually mega corporations that control everything) via technological means (cyber). If the punks aren’t actively fighting against a megacorp, they’re still dealing with living in a world completely dependent on high technology.
Cyberpunk characteristics include:
- Dystopian city setting where mega-corporations rule
- Full integration of technology into society, featuring cybernetic implants
- Outsider protagonists (punks) who often are very familiar with the technology around them
- Hard boiled detective and film noir vibes and influence
- Themes dabbling in trans-humanism, existentialism, and what it means to be human.
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Oh boy... now we're getting into the deep discussions. Here comes a long rambling response.
This is something I've been thinking about before; there seems to be two different "brands" of cyberpunk. There's the "hard-boiled detective in neon-lit rainy streets" and there's "literally anything involving cyberspace". Either one of those things can be considered cyberpunk and yet they rarely overlap. Also, there's the American version of cyberpunk which is more "punk" and anti-authority/anti-conformity while simultaneously the Japanese version of cyberpunk which relies more on law enforcement and preserving the status quo (Ghost in the Shell, Appleseed, Psycho Pass, etc.). And yet both of those are considered cyberpunk too. And that doesn't even touch on the "what does it mean to be human?" brands of cyberpunk. Cyberpunk is such a broad term that it almost encompasses any story with high-technology that excludes space travel.
I've tried having this discussion before, asking things like is Demolition Man cyberpunk?, is The Fifth Element cyberpunk?, is Super Mario Bros (1993) cyberpunk?, is They Live cyberpunk?, is Alien cyberpunk? because it's fun to see where people draw the line. I'm not trying to gate-keep, it's just that cyberpunk is such a nebulous genre that it almost comes down to personal preference.
One argument I'll make (that is more pedantic than most people care to discuss with me) is that I personally believe rebellions do not belong in cyberpunk works. The one exception is if the rebellion is destined to fail. One fact in cyberpunk fiction is that the megacorps are too big to bring down. If Johnny Silverhand in Cyberpunk 2077 wants to blow up Arasaka he's welcome to try, but he's doomed to fail. Same with David in Cyberpunk: Edgerunners. I believe the "optimism" in cyberpunk comes from finding your place in the world, accepting it as it is, and not trying to change it. That's the difference between a "punk" and a "rebel" to me. A punk might be pissed off at authority, but it's aimless, directionless. There's no attempt at systemic change. Yet I would define a rebel as someone who does want to institute systemic change. That's why I would say movies like Equilibrium and Hunger Games aren't cyberpunk. They're actually trying to bring about systemic change. I'd say this stems from cyberpunk's roots in hard-boiled detective novels where the detective knows the police force is ineffective and corrupt. But he's not trying to fix that problem, he's trying to find his place in the world despite that problem.
Anyway, good luck with your attempt to watch everything on this thread! There's a lot of obscure weirdness described here.
I think there's also a tonal thing. It's hard to imagine cyberpunk comedy, at least structurally. The cynicism does disclude the matrix and ready player one.
Maybe a list of concepts and if you tick 7 out of 9 boxes it's cyberpunk. Things like:
I think this winds up being "is a hot dog a sandwich" conversation, trying to cram fluffy social concepts into rigid categories, but even more so with art. Two cyberpunk movies will be a lot further apart conceptually than two separate kilograms of steel.
But also at some point you have to sort your vhs tapes and whether a movie goes in "Action" or "Sci-fi" is a pragmatic decision and not a deep philosophical one
We can discuss it forever, but my take is that the movies you mention are not cyberpunk; well, maybe demolition man is. RoboCop, on the other hand, is 100% cyberpunk.