More photos in the comments. Is it supposed to be connected to the motherboard? I found it in the case. It wasn't connected. I think that the backside is some sort of thermal patch. I can tell that it's not a camera but I'm very confused and the connection reminds me of more of a laptop or phone connection not something you would see in a PC. The data matrix contains the same text as the white sticker.
Temp sensor?
Maybe? But why would it look so complicated? If it is a temperature sensor, I would think it's like an IR one. In which case, why would I have an IR temperature sensor inside a PC case?