Fairly certain these can't be done on iPhone but correct me if I'm wrong:

• Multi window/split screen -AFAIK you can only do this on iPad
• custom home screen/launcher: the icons on a grid both bores and overwhelms me, so I use a minimalist launcher with a few shortcuts and app drawer for the rest
• removable SD card. Sure, storage is getting better on phones, but the ability to pop a 2TB micro SD in my phone and keep offline copies of whatever I like for times I have no service is absolutely crucial to me (SD slot depends on what phone you have ofc, some manufacturers ditched it)
• home screen widgets
• notifications are superior on android
• USB 3.0 speed data transfer with no additional software, to any device that can accept a USB stick
• third party apps and app stores
• being able to install apps I develop for my own personal use without paying for a developer account, having to list it on the store, or having to reinstall it every few weeks
• ability to run Firefox with extensions
• multiple accounts for the same app without needing to log in and out
• USB OTG
• game emulators
• can safely browse tor

Depending on what model and manufacturer you go with,

• reverse wireless charging
• headphone jack
• ip68 rating
• call screening
• dual sim