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In recent years, the proliferation of conspiracy theories has surged across both traditional and digital media platforms, capturing the attention of scholars and the public alike. While much of the prior research has centered on unraveling the psychological impulses that drive individuals toward such beliefs, a burgeoning area of inquiry seeks to explore the profound societal implications that these beliefs carry. One domain of critical concern is sustainability—the intricate balance of social equity, environmental stewardship, and economic viability necessary for the continuation of human civilization. Emerging evidence suggests that conspiracy beliefs may pose significant challenges to sustainable development, undermining efforts to foster healthier societies, safeguard ecosystems, and maintain robust economies.

At the heart of the investigation lies the recognition that conspiracy theories seldom exist in isolation as harmless curiosities. Instead, they often function as vehicles that erode trust in scientific institutions, governmental authorities, and collective action mechanisms. This skepticism can attenuate public health initiatives by cultivating resistance to vaccinations, mask-wearing, and other preventive measures crucial for community well-being. Consequently, the social sustainability of populations is jeopardized, as diminished health outcomes and increased polarization fracture social cohesion and threaten fundamental human rights.