Supercrunchy

There are some surviving national circuits like PagoBancomat (as the sibling comment from Scrollone) and Dankort (Denmark) and girocard (Germany). My personal impression is that they are slowly going out of fashion in favor of visa/mastercard only (probably because they can't offer better prices than them).

I don't see a solution to the duopoly, apart from lobbying politicians to support this national payment infrastructure. Especially in recent times I can also see how some governments might not want to rely entirely on two US companies for running their entire economy, so something might move on that side, so there's hope on that side.

The EU has already been moving on this front in the last years by forcing the banks to provide programming interfaces to initiate bank payments, and that's why you can now see more and more options to "pay by bank" online in EU. These online payments generally skip card circuits and run over normal SEPA bank transfers.

More info here on the last part: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Payment_Services_Directive

Depending on how much customization you have done, it might be easier and safer to just install the OS from scratch to the new disk. You'll also end up in a much more "clean" state afterwards.

• Your program settings, browser favorites, etc should all be stored in /home/
• Your system settings are generally stored in /etc

I would take a backup of the whole system (important!), then take a second copy of only these two folders (save all the permissions and ownership info, and also use sudo to access all the files in /etc !). After you have saved everything, wipe both disks, set them up like you want and reinstall all the software you need. Finally you can restore from these two folders.

You will not want to restore everything in /etc, just the files you have manually/indirectly edited, and also you will need to preserve the correct file permissions, so be careful on what you do there. Some files like /etc/fstab hold the information on how your disks are mounted, so you really don't want to restore those (same for /etc/passwd, systemd units, and many others). Basically restore selectively only what you need, or reconfigure the software again and just restore your /home

It shouldn't take as much time as it sounds, because most of the settings should be in your home folder, and you can reinstall all the software pretty quickly when you need them. You also won't have to fight all the problems if you end up with a weird/incomplete setup when moving the root.

For splitting the app in the taskbar I found it useful to "install" the PWA (you got to find the hidden option in chrome for that..), if it's supported by the website... It still uses the same cookies and addons, but at least it doesn't easily get merged with the main browser window and behaves like a proper desktop application. I mainly use firefox though and it doesn't support PWAs (easily, at least). It's a shame it's not more common, because it's a much better way to run software than the many electron apps, each having their own chromium installation (no download, no long installation process, full sandboxing, and you can have addons & adblockers affect the pwa!)

Fingers keeper!

It's a bit hard to debug without the laptop in the front, but i think the issue is that your laptop supports some sort of "connected standby" and it enters that instead of fully powering off, or debian fails to properly remove power to some of the hardware.

If you want to search on the internet more on this, the terms you are looking for is for "system power state" or "s5". As a sanity check, first to see if running systemctl poweroff in a terminal actually powers off the system fully.

If that works, it's a problem of your desktop environment not telling the linux kernel to shutdown properly, but instead go into standby/connected hybernation.

If that doesn't work: Debian usually ships only older packages (including the kernel) and probably the kernel debian ships lacks the compatibility with some of your hardware. You can look up how to upgrade it, but it's not a procedure for the faint of heart. The easiest option is probably to understand why you want to use debian, and find a similar distribution with more up-to-date packages. There's also ways to customize your kernel and building your own, but I would keep it only as a last resort (in the case you really really want to use debian)

Also let's represent all numbers in scientific notation, I'm sure that's going to make it easier to read...