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At most, they're very bad Faraday cages.
The vast majority of LTE bands are below 2600mhz, around 10 cm wavelength, which usually doesn't have any issue penetrating glass, and suffers very little degradation from the metal in the body of the car.
Aluminum materials, which are not uncommon for body panels, and other automotive components due to its light weight and relatively low cost, is non-ferrous and won't impact signal strength any more than glass will....
The Iron/steel in the vehicle, usually in the frame/engine, are the primary issues with regards to signal blocking. That's what microwaves make their Faraday cage from for good reason.
Many wireless providers also have sub 1ghz channels which are harder to block, they're generally slower for bandwidth, but that's another matter entirely.
Most of the dashboard is made of plastics and other non-ferrous materials, but it's littered with devices, supports, and wires that can impact signal integrity. These are usually fairly sparce and don't generate a lot of interference. Since the dashboard is directly adjacent to the windshield and driver/passenger windows, signal is more or less unimpeded in the desirable directions (horizontal, mainly). Unless you're putting your phone on the floor of your vehicle, you're generally okay for signal, as it passes through the majority of the dashboard, around components in the dashboard, and through the glass relatively unimpeded.
The exception to this is that some manufacturers seem to think it's a good idea to put materials in their safety glass that impede RF. God knows why. It might be a biproduct of a coating that is there for a different reason, but it's not great. That's when you need a fairly simple LTE repeater.
Which brings me to my point. You can forego the complex and unsupported LTE SIM over Bluetooth stuff by simply putting a relatively low power LTE repeater from a good signal location, such as the roof of the vehicle, to a bad signal location, such as the middle of the cabin it can literally be built into the overhead cabin light. Resolving the issues you've stated, without providing any data access to the vehicle itself. Such an add-on would be a small increase in cost, as such units can retail anywhere from a few hundred to thousands of dollars, but as that cost would replace the built in modem most people never wanted to begin with, the addition may actually make the whole car cheaper... With little more than Apple carplay/Android auto, to replace all the functionality they'll lose by removing the cars data connection.
It's a very silly and pointless argument overall, because vehicle manufacturers will not be removing the LTE modems from their vehicles, since that allows them to remotely gather your data, which they can sell. That increases profits and that's what they care about. So they're never going to listen to us regardless... As long as someone is buying their wiretap vehicles and basically handing them free money in the form of your personal data, they're going to keep doing it.