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Cognitive dissonance is a term from psychology that refers to the stress which results from holding conflicting beliefs.
When paired with the theory of operant conditioning, the theory of cognitive dissonance predicts that if two of a person’s beliefs contradict one another, then one or both of the beliefs will change to minimize the dissonance (the dissonance acts as a positive punishment for the conflict).
An example of a prediction made by cognitive dissonance is this: if a person mistreats someone they love, and does not own the fact that they have mistreated them, then they will love that person less.
This is because the behavior of hurting a person is in conflict with loving them. If they are unable to integrate the mistreatment via conscious acknowledgement and amends-making, then this conflict will cause dissonance. In order to eliminate the dissonance, the person will stop loving the person.
Basically, the psychological process called justification is a dissonance-reduction strategy.
Colloquially, the term “cognitive dissonance” refers to the simple fact of the conflict. But technically speaking, the dissonance is the stress caused by that conflict.