this post was submitted on 09 Apr 2025
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As your friend explained the birth of the Shia (which means "the group") is when there was a disagreement regarding chosing who would be the head of the state; so at the start it had nothing to do with religion. Both candidates, Abu Bakr a companion of the prophet and Ali his cousin, were equally fit but the majority was for Abu Bakr. Then later, much later, some of the people ascribing to the Shia started considering themselves apart from the 80+% majority and they are not all the same. What makes them then not Muslims?
First, "Muslim" is someone who submits to God, and God tells the faithful in the Quran to call themselves "Muslims", not Shia nor Sunni or anything else.
So to fall outside of the fold of Islam one has to hold beliefs which oppose what God ordained. In this regards many Shia and Sunni might associate something with God, which is the biggest sin. Some Shia sects (yes not all Shia hold the same beliefs) give characteristics to Ali or the 12 imams which only God has, like being all-hearing, omniscient, having the power to change destiny etc.
It is not and should not be about race or being Arab (80% of Muslims are not Arab). In his famous last sermon the prophet, peace be upon him, said: