christianity
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I think the pope was just talking about setting up some guidelines on genAI so funny time to ask this question.
I think if there was artificial life that was fully sapient, had qualia, and showed the capacity to make meaningful decisions through reason there's not really much reason to doubt that it has a soul. Maybe those criteria are not useful because you can't prove that someone else has qualia, but at least philosophically. Now, the problem is, what if it doesn't have a physical body? I think I'd be too conflicted on that to really come to any definite view. I'd probably wait on the pope to say something lol
edit: also just to be clear, if it has a soul then it can be baptized and should be treated the way we treat humans in general. I don't know if Francis was the first pope to ever say anything on the question of how we should react to alien life, but he definitely said that much. I don't think artificial life would really be too different except for the fact it wouldn't be God's creation. As you said, the question of whether or not we should make artificial life is outside the scope of the thread.
Is there Christian precedence to believe these things equate to a soul? Isn't a soul something that is given by God rather than something that emerges when certain criteria are met?
Aye, I am arguing backwards. I'm a little rusty on theology, but my understanding is that the Christian belief is that those things are only possible through having a soul given by God. Maybe the "correct" position is that because humans can't create souls, it would either be impossible for artificial life to exist, or somewhere along the line God would have to create the soul that the artificial being has.
If you're asking this because you want inspiration for some setting, worldbuilding, or similar, I recommend checking out /r/askapriest and just browsing the arguments there for a while. Sort by top of all time, top of the year, etc. There's always lots of weird little grey areas that bring up debates like this. Naturally most questions are about personal problems, but even those can have some discussions that will make you learn some theological lines of thought and see what kind of logic they use.