Not sure what you’re asking, exactly. Formal logic is one of the fundamental branches of math. AFAIK, there isn’t really a Marxist variation of it, any more than there’s a Marxist version of number theory or geometry.
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CLR JAMES "notes on dialectics" if you want metaphysics, or Zizek if you can accept that he is wrong about past Socialist projects.
"Debt: the last 5000 years" by Graeber is a fantastic history of money, "Triumph of Evil" by Murphy has an alternative program for the DDR, and there's a book about defending Marx's long term drop in the rate of profit which i cannot remember or find that was really mathy.
I now believe it was "Reclaiming Marx's Capital" by Andrew Kliman
What davel said, but Alain Badiou might come close. Bertrand Russell too, although he was more an anti-imperialist than a Marxist.
If you are in for some equations, I recommend you Capitalism: competition, conflict, crisis by Anwar Shaikh. I think he is the most mathematical of all Marxist economists today.