theory

Imperialism Reading Group ping!

Onto the second chapter of How Europe Underdeveloped Africa! I'm dividing the chapter in two, so week 2 and 3 will be on Chapter 2.

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I am halfway through this section right now, and appreciating Rodney's objective approach to the topic of development in Africa prior to European arrival. The treatment of the continent as a monolith is far too common an attitude even amongst those who are approaching the topic in good faith; Rodney reminds us that it's absurd to think of one singular "African civilisation", and that development across the continent varied across time and space as much as anywhere else in the world. His point about the need to break from the dogmatic "Marxist" conception of "Asiatic" and "African" modes of production is an important one.

Another observation I really appreciate is that non-durable evidence of development will mostly appear in the historical record as no evidence, with detailed wooden sculptures and the craftmanship that goes into them being an example he gives. It's vital to remember how our understanding of ancient civilisations is entirely shaped by the archaeological tools at our disposal. As another example, the Indus River Valley civilisation was only really discovered in the 1920s, and its nature is still the subject of intense debate, long after the popular western historical narrative of ancient civilisation based on the Fertile Crescent that continues to dominate today had already been established. That's partially because many scholars can't divorce their thinking from that narrative, that in turn came about only because Mesopotamia is a far more obvious example in archaology and the written record (no written accounts survive, either from the Indus Valley itself or from outsiders). I feel like we must have barely scratched the surface of many societies that existed in the African past with the tools at our disposal and the work that's been done.

Thank you for the ping! I was very late for the first chapter so i couldn't read it, but hopefully i can catch up and complete both this week.

Really enjoying this section. Rodney gets across complex topics in extremely readable and cogent ways, and that makes it incredibly rewarding to read.

If anyone else is reading the Verso Books version of this (the one that this post has a photo of), are you noticing a bunch of basic spelling errors throughout? It's a little frustrating. Did they not proofread?

Great section. This discussion reminds me of another book, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World where John Thornton describes the concept of "wealth" in Subsaharan Africa. In much of the continent land was plentiful so land was not the measure of wealth like Europe. Cattle was the larger measure of wealth. He differs from Rodney here and Thornton described the capture of humans during war as "slavery." While they both talk about how slaves and their children were eventually added into their tribe, Thornton described that many wars were done for the purpose of expanding one's tribal population. Thus when Portuguese and other Europeans started buying chattel slaves, they were tapping into an existing network of human capture (which ballooned like crazy due to European trade). I look forward to Rodney's take on this in a later chapter.

I also appreciated the comment on how Africans largely preferred their own manufactured products to cheap European goods. Rodney rightly points to the scale of production as the developmental difference and I look forward to him discussing this more in another chapter. There's obvious parallels to England's deindustrialization of India.