this post was submitted on 21 Jul 2025
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Image (source here) is of a section of the Yarlung Zangbo river, which forms the deepest canyon on the planet.


The idea of doing any sort of general preamble for China is a little absurd given how ubiquitous they are in economics and politics, so I'm just going to hop right in to a recent news item of interest: China is working on the construction of an enormous new hydropower project in Tibet (@Metabola@hexbear.net had brought this up just before the last news mega ended).

This project (consisting of, I believe, five dams) will be overall three times larger than the Three Gorges Dam, will cost $167 billion, and will supply 70 GW (by itself more power than several significant countries generate). There are, of course, meaningful concerns regarding concerning environmental damage, but helping to avert catastrophic climate change seems worth it. The news coming out of the clean energy sector of China has getting only more encouraging over the last few years, even as the fully neoliberalized Europe and America descend into climate skepticism and refuse to adequately fund projects that could avert the worst of climate change.

Geopolitically, given recent India-China tensions (for example, sending Pakistan the equipment to shoot down Indian jets, as well as run-of-the-mill border tensions) one expects India to not receive the news very well, as the river upon which the dam is being constructed proceeds to flow into Arunachal Pradesh. But from what I understand of the Indian hydrological situation (which is, admittedly, not much), I don't think enough of the water in India comes from the river for China to hypothetically cause any kind of water shortages in India - the monsoons seem to supply plenty of freshwater all by themselves. Nonetheless, as with all Chinese news, wild fearmongering abounds.


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[–] Redcuban1959@hexbear.net 47 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Trump announces trade agreement with the Philippines and terms of deal with Indonesia - CNN

Earlier this month, he threatened a 20% tariff on goods from the Philippines as of August 1. Both agreements call for 19% tariffs on goods the US imports from the two countries, paid by American businesses, while American goods shipped there won’t be charged a tariff.

Article

President Donald Trump said Tuesday he and President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. of the Philippines have reached a trade agreement. Shortly after, he also revealed more detailed terms of an agreement with Indonesia.

Both agreements call for 19% tariffs on goods the US imports from the two countries, paid by American businesses, while American goods shipped there won’t be charged a tariff.

Trump’s announcement of the agreement with the Philippines came after he met with President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. at the White House on Tuesday.

“It was a beautiful visit, and we concluded our Trade Deal,” Trump wrote on his social media platform. However, it was not immediately apparent if the two leaders formally signed anything. Similar to other recent trade announcements, few details were initially revealed.

The agreement with the Philippines marks the fifth struck over the past three months. No new details have come to light on the agreement Trump announced with Vietnam earlier this month. Administration officials have not revealed why that’s the case.

Trump and administration officials promised dozens more trade deals in April after they paused “reciprocal” tariffs. More recently, they’ve changed their tone, stressing that Trump is focusing on the quality of deals rather than quantity.

Trump has put much of the global economy on notice, threatening a slew of higher tariffs, including rates going as high as 50% on trading partners and a 50% copper import tax across the board — set to take effect next week. He’s said he’ll stand firm on the August 1 deadline for countries to make deals or risk facing higher tariffs, yet investors have largely shrugged off that possibility.

Philippines on Trump’s ‘good list’

Earlier Tuesday in the Oval Office, Trump told reporters he was not ready to make a trade deal with Marcos because “he’s negotiating too tough.” But he said they’d “probably agree to something.”

The agreement is somewhat unusual given that other countries Trump claims to have reached agreements with call for lower tariff rates compared to levels the president threatened to impose in April. Meanwhile, goods from the Philippines were charged a minimum 17% “reciprocal” tariff in April before Trump paused those. Earlier this month, he threatened a 20% tariff on goods from the Philippines as of August 1.

The US imported $14 billion worth of goods from the Philippines last year, according to data from the US Commerce Department. Top goods shipped from there include computers and other electronics, processed foods, machinery and apparel. Meanwhile, the US exported $9 billion worth of Filipino goods. Computers and other electronics, as well as processed foods, were also among the top goods the US shipped there.

Indonesia agreement terms spelled out

Trump announced a similar agreement with Indonesia last week, calling for the same tariff rates. On Tuesday, more details were revealed in a joint statement published by the United States and Indonesia.

“It is my Great Honor to announce our Trade Agreement with the Republic of Indonesia, as represented by their Highly Respected President, Prabowo Subianto,” Trump wrote on Truth Social.

Trump and administration officials highlighted non-tariff trade barriers that Indonesia agreed to modify. Those include eliminating taxes on digital service revenue, like advertising on streaming and social media sites; and “pre-shipment inspection or verification requirements” on American goods, administration officials said on a call on Tuesday.

On the latter, officials told reporters these systems were especially burdensome for farmers to export their goods and that eliminating them will help open up the market to them.

Additionally, Indonesia agreed to accept US Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards and remove export restrictions on critical minerals.

Goods from Indonesia briefly faced a 32% tariff in April before Trump paused “reciprocal” tariffs. Countries that were due to face those tariffs have been charged a minimum 10% tariff for the past three months. That’s due to end August 1.

Indonesia is America’s 23rd top trading partner, according to US Commerce Department data from last year. The United States imported $28 billion worth of merchandise from there last year. Apparel and footwear were the top two goods Americans bought.

Meanwhile, the United States exported $10 billion worth of goods to Indonesia last year. Oilseeds and grain as well as oil and gas were the top two exports.

[–] ColombianLenin@hexbear.net 34 points 2 weeks ago (2 children)

Wait, so if I'm reading this correctly it's the tariffs are still up, paid fully by Americans? How does that benefit Trump lmao.

[–] Cunigulus@hexbear.net 20 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

This is just lib spin relying on some somewhat over-simplified liberal economic understanding of tariffs. The importer pays the tariffs in America. This provides revenue for the government offsetting to some degree the inflationary effect of government spending, of course companies selling these goods have to charge higher prices which negates the revenue. Generally the exporting country can sell its goods elsewhere and doesn't need to take a hit to their margins to offset the higher cost of the goods their selling, but in some cases they might choose to do so to protect market share, which would in effect be the exporter paying the tariffs. Basic lib economics doesn't really model things in enough detail to capture some of the caveats, but conventional wisdom is that yes, the economic burden of the tariffs is borne entirely by the importing country.

Generally speaking, levying a tariff without facing retaliatory tariffs is a win in a trade war, but of course with countries like the Philippines and Indonesia there is very little they import from the US that they have domestic firms competing to produce so retaliatory tariffs wouldn't help their industry and would only hurt their economy. The only reason they would be used is as a bargaining chip to reduce tariffs levied by the US.

[–] FuckyWucky@hexbear.net 15 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

This provides revenue for the government offsetting to some degree the inflationary effect of government spending, of course companies selling these goods have to charge higher prices which negates the revenue.

The kind of Government 'spending' OBBB did i.e. tax cuts for the rich aren't too inflationary, the rich are hoarders, they like financial assets, not real goods. The tariff revenue is very much a drain on demand and the U.S. will face consequences for it.

Generally the exporting country can sell its goods elsewhere

They will need to find something acceptable i.e. the currency they want, which is typically the Dollar or Euro. Would Indonesian exporters like to have Guinean Franc? Probably not, they will demand Dollars, Euros or their own currency. Global demand is limited, this is why export led growth is considered beggar-thy-neighbor, not every country can have a trade surplus.

[–] sodium_nitride@hexbear.net 13 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

tax cuts for the rich aren't too inflationary, the rich are hoarders

This isnt true. The rich tend to buy up assets with their money. They don't tend to accumulate large quantities of pure cash. In fact, even if you have pure cash deposits in your bank account, the bank itself is likely using that to buy assets or lend.

So tax cuts for the rich cause inflation for assets. This increases the aparant wealth of the country, since "real" GDP and "real" value of money is typically measured using the consumer price index (so inflation occuring only in assets looks like a real gain). But it is not a real improvement, unless you are able to sell off those inflated assets to other countries, which the US is actually able to do.

That is because the US exports a lot of money with its trade deficit, so people around the world have a lot of dollars, which they then invest in US assets hoping to cash in on its ever inflating asset prices.

Is this a ponzi scheme? Yes. Is the ponzi scheme fueled by constantly shoving more wealth to the already wealthy? Yes. Are we currently seeing a level of inequality and ponzi inflation not seen even in 2008? Also Yes.

So basically, in a wierd way, the US cutting taxes on the rich is sucking up the wealth of the entire world and putting it in a bubble.

[–] FuckyWucky@hexbear.net 11 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago) (1 children)

In fact, even if you have pure cash deposits in your bank account, the bank itself is likely using that to buy assets or lend.

Banks can't buy just any assets, they usually only purchase Gov securities, lend in interbank market, take free interest on reserves or other bonds. They don't lend reserves or customer deposits. They lend to who they perceive as creditworthy without worrying about reserves, which is why QE didn't do much to increase lending other than drop long term rates.

See

What I was talking about was commodity prices. And yes true, sometimes managed money does flow into real commodities see early 2000s but this doesn't last too long.

So tax cuts for the rich cause inflation for assets. This increases the aparant wealth of the country,

True but it depends on the type of assets. Commodity price bubbles can blow up GDP. US Healthcare bloat increases GDP. However, certain financial asset purchases like shares or bonds don't increase GDP. But yeah even the last one can increase balance sheet net worth.

That is because the US exports a lot of money with its trade deficit, so people around the world have a lot of dollars, which they then invest in US assets hoping to cash in on its ever inflating asset prices

There is definitely a two way relationship. The US can only export Dollars because rest of the world is "willing" to accept it.

So basically, in a wierd way, the US cutting taxes on the rich is sucking up the wealth of the entire world and putting it in a bubble.

I do not think it will be that effective. It mostly only affects US residents.

[–] sodium_nitride@hexbear.net 9 points 2 weeks ago (1 children)

Banks can't buy just any assets, they usually only purchase Gov securities, lend in interbank market, take free interest on reserves or other bonds. They don't lend reserves or customer deposits. They lend to who they perceive as creditworthy without worrying about reserves

I'm not as familiar with modern banking if this is true. Because this kind of just confuses me. Aren't deposits counted as reserves? Isn't all lending by banks subject to reserve requirements? Or did reserve requirements just get removed?

I looked online on the fed website and

As announced on March 15, 2020, the Board reduced reserve requirement ratios to zero percent effective March 26, 2020. This action eliminated reserve requirements for all depository institutions.

What the fuck.

There is definitely a two way relationship. The US can only export Dollars because rest of the world is "willing" to accept it.

Yes.

[–] FuckyWucky@hexbear.net 9 points 2 weeks ago* (last edited 2 weeks ago)

The new measure is Liquidity Coverage Ratio for High Quality Liquid Assets, Central Banks take these and easily provide reserves to banks which they can use to make payments to other banks. There is also interest on reserves.

When you transfer money between banks, reserves are used for interbank clearing. For making loans they just add numbers to your account. Only when you withdraw to cash or transfer to other banks or the Government are reserves used.

The two sources of widely used money in the economy are Government spending and Commercial Bank lending. The Central Bank guarantees commercial bank money by making sure payments clear 1:1 to other banks money and Government money ie par clearing.

And even transfers to other banks may not instantly alter reserves at cental bank since they use netting. Ultimate net settlement is done by Central Bank.

https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/career-map/sell-side/capital-markets/net-settlement/

[–] Rojo27@hexbear.net 12 points 2 weeks ago

Art of the dealtrump-dapper