this post was submitted on 18 Jan 2025
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In 1968 and 1969, student protests at several Japanese universities ultimately forced the closure of campuses across Japan. Known as daigaku funsō (大学紛争, lit. 'university troubles') or daigaku tōsō (大学闘争, 'university struggles'), the protests were part of the worldwide protest cycle in 1968 and the late-1960s Japanese protest cycle, including the Anpo protests of 1970 and the struggle against the construction of Narita Airport. Students demonstrated initially against practical issues in universities and eventually formed the Zenkyōtō in mid-1968 to organize themselves. The Act on Temporary Measures concerning University Management allowed for the dispersal of protesters in 1969.

Initially, demonstrations were organized to protest against unpaid internships at the University of Tokyo Medical School. Building on years of student organization and protest, New Left student organizations began occupying buildings around campus. The other main campus where the protests originated was Nihon University. They began with student discontent over alleged corruption in the university board of directors. At Nihon, protests were driven less by ideology and more by pragmatism because of the university's traditional and conservative nature. The movement spread to other Japanese universities, escalating into violence both on campus and in the streets. In late 1968, at the zenith of the movement, thousands of students entered Tokyo's busiest railway station, Shinjuku, and rioted. Factional infighting (uchi-geba, 内ゲバ) was rampant among these students. In January 1969, the police besieged the University of Tokyo and ended the protests there, leading to renewed fervor from students at other universities, where protests continued. However, as public support for the students fell, and the police increased their efforts to stop the protests, the movement waned. The passage of the 1969 Act on Temporary Measures concerning University Management gave police the legal basis to apply more forceful measures, although splinter groups of the New Left groups, such as the United Red Army, continued their violence into the 1970s.

The students drew ideological inspiration from the works of Marxist theorists like Karl Marx and Leon Trotsky, French existentialist philosophers like Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus, and the homegrown philosophy of the Japanese poet and critic Takaaki Yoshimoto. Yoshimoto's interpretation of "autonomy" (jiritsusei) and "subjectivity" (shutaisei) were based on his critique of the progressive liberal interpretations of these ideas by other Japanese intellectuals such as Masao Maruyama, whom he denounced as hypocritical. The students' devotion to shutaisei in particular would lead ultimately to the disintegration of their movement, as they focused increasingly on "self-negation" (jiko hitei) and "self-criticism" (hansei).

The university troubles helped in the emergence of Mitsu Tanaka's Women's Liberation (Ūman Ribu) movement. While most disputes had settled down by the 1970s and many of the students had reintegrated into Japanese society, the protests' ideas entered the cultural sphere, inspiring writers like Haruki Murakami and Ryū Murakami. The students' political demands made education reform a priority for the Japanese government, which it tried to address through organizations such as the Central Council for Education. The protests have been the subject of modern popular media, such as Kōji Wakamatsu's 2007 film United Red Army.

Zenkyōtō

The All-Campus Joint Struggle Committees (Japanese: 全学共闘会議; Zengaku kyōtō kaigi), commonly known as the Zenkyōtō (Japanese: 全共闘), were Japanese student organizations consisting of anti-government leftists and non-sectarian radicals.

The movement began at the University of Tokyo and Nihon University, and expanded rapidly to the other major universities over the subsequent three years.

Across the country, 127 universities — 24 percent of the national four-year university system in total — experienced strikes or occupations in 1968. In 1969, this rose to 153 universities or 41 percent. There was also a Zenkyōtō movement in the Japanese high schools.

Up to this point, mobilizing in the student movement meant conforming to the rules of the student council and constituting a clear majority within it. The Zenkyōtō, however, was formed in a voluntarist manner — or through direct democracy, so to speak — as an extralegal organization that operated outside the rules and without recognition by the university administration, consciously opposing the existing type of conformism.

The Zenkyōtō had no rules that governed either its membership or its leadership. Political sects participated in the movement, along with a multitude of small nonpartisan groups, but these organizations fought under the banner of each specific university in the Zenkyōtō.

From the moment of its formation, the Zenkyōtō spread to universities across the whole of Japan, something that had never been seen before in the postwar Japanese student movement, marking the specific character of ’68. Yet, at the same time, the Zenkyōtō as an organization overburdened itself from the outset with political difficulties specific to the practice of direct democracy, difficulties that would emerge later as the movement developed.

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[–] CliffordBigRedDog@hexbear.net 11 points 6 days ago (3 children)

Honestly the annoying thing about XHS is the massive amounts of casual racism towards indians

Like its approaching reddit levels

Like wtf are chinese accs posting about "Indians ruining Canada" lol

Where do you even hear this shit from

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[–] gramxi@hexbear.net 15 points 6 days ago* (last edited 6 days ago)

how much linen could Lenin's coats cost if Lenin's coats could cost linen?

[–] Sickos@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago

We are all Bartleby on this blessed day

[–] Cowbee@hexbear.net 8 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago)

In the Fallout series, the weapon skills have had various changes over time, but ultimately seem to lack real identity. This needs to be rectified. The core of the issue is a lack of true differentiation between Energy/Conventional, Melee/Unarmed, and Explosives and Big Guns.

silly essay

Conventional and Energy traditionally were better suited to early and late game, with difficulty but not impossibility with using each in the other time. This, however, is not a satisfying split. No gun user wants to slowly feel weaker, and Energy can't start off with no options either. Moreover, Conventional weaponry has always had the most abundance and versatility while being the cheapest, while Energy Weapons have been rarer and more expensive, but with fewer options and sometimes lower damage even.

Rectification: adjust secondary skill synergy, and make Energy Weapons far more versatile and varied to make up for the later power spike. Guns should be suitable for most general situations and synergize with Repair, while Energy Weapons should synergize with Science and have more interesting characteristics, such as capability for true ranged stealth and silence, better armor piercing, a lack of bullet drop, and anti-robot effects split across at least 4 different weapon damage families (such as laser, plasma, cryo, etc). This is the best outcome, and Repair can be used for hand loading and repair while Science can be used for repair and hand loading for Energy. Repair can be renamed to Engineering, as it has always fulfilled that role as well.

Unarmed should be very weak initially and very strong late. Melee should be stronger early and weaker later. This should be the trade-off, moreover melee should remain a safe and defensive style while Unarmed can have cooler effects like disarming enemies and stunning. Melee needs more throwing synergy.

Explosives need to be more focused on barter synergy as well as crafting, while Big Guns needs more synergy with Power Armor. Explosives needs to be easy to craft and needs to be folded into Throwing as a skill, for synergy with other builds. Big Guns should be incredibly devastating but still work at their best in Power Armor, and against all enemy types.

Increasing skill points for ranged weapons should change weapon accuracy, sway, reload speed, jam fixing speed, and aiming speed, but not damage. Melee/unarmed should change damage and swing speed, and unlock new moves. Throwing needs to help with speed, range, and accuracy.

All weapons need balanced Skill and SPECIAL requirements with harsh penalties to keep a scaling weapon economy but let lower skilled users effectively use weapons in skills they haven't developed much.

Dare I say this? I actually like that Starfield had weapon type split from damage type, so you could specialize in ballistics and shotguns for synergy into ballistic shotguns. I think that rectifies the Fallout 4 style and the New Vegas style split to a much better degree, though with categories rethought and rebalanced.

Just loose thoughts on Fallout weapon economy. Might turn into a more developed effortpost on why this is good and why the former isn't, with a bunch of other ideas and justifications that didn't fit. Just wanted to put to pen ideas floating in my head lol

what-in-the-goddamn

[–] GVAGUY3@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago) (5 children)

So is Trump gonna just extend the deadline repetitively for his whole term? Some people seem to think TikTok has sold to Meta, but I feel like those people are talking out of their ass, and Bytedance won't sell, but who knows?

[–] john_browns_beard@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago)

I don't think they would sell, but who knows. My running theory is that the message they have up including a "Help me Trumpy Wan Kenobi" and the CEO attending the inauguration are concessions they made to be saved by Trump.

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[–] CrispyFern@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago

There is a famous saying in China: the legitimacy of Rome is in Tongliao

[–] AntiOutsideAktion@hexbear.net 10 points 6 days ago

Baby girl baby girl

You're my world

How sad is that

My world's a cat

You don't live 80 years

My future is filled with tears

[–] Wendy_Pleakley@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago

Love when my cousins all hang out and don't tell me. Family

[–] Comrade_Mushroom@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago

There is no more glaring skill issue on this earth than being unable to eat a crunchy taco without making a huge mess of it

[–] KatGirl@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago (1 children)

catgirl-flop Thought I found a cool video on the Black Panther (Marvel) movie but the guy is too much of a lib for his own good. Made it a point to shit on Gaddafi and call him a murderous dictator for some reason while ignoring (gestures to all of the Western world)'s history of being far far worse

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[–] MF_COOM@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago (3 children)

Steve McQueen has the most disappointing career arc in of the century. Came out the gate with Hunger(2008) and Shame(2011) two genuinely interesting movies, does an art installation on Paul Robeson then wins an Academy Award for Best Picture for a very good but more straight-edge flick, and ten years later he is making disposable lib streaming shows and making shit heist films.

Like fuck dude you were so cool now you're just making boring period drama about The Battle of Britain for Tim Cook? You could be doing whatever you want.

[–] MF_COOM@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago

Ten years later made a Battle of Britain show and a 4 hour documentary of Nazi occupation of the Netherlands. I'll be honest I'm curious about the latter but dude has now done twice as many projects about wwii as slavery

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[–] CrawlMarks@hexbear.net 4 points 5 days ago

大家好 小红书 同志 :dumpling:

[–] MF_COOM@hexbear.net 10 points 6 days ago

The new episode of Severance was good, the Break Room scene was especially clever.

I missed Black Stavvy.

[–] Hohsia@hexbear.net 9 points 6 days ago (2 children)

Saw an absolutely brilliant TikTok that explained how the US is obsessed with violence to the point of its most popular sport being violent. Like no, a system built on relentless suffering and violence exploitation isn’t enough, we gotta have a sport where people routinely beat the pulp out of each other to show we’re tougher than everyone too. “No other country has a sport like that, USA USA USA”

And to add the cherry on top, we have to jerk odd the country as institution before every game in that sport. Cause what’s not to love about an imperialist country that relies on propaganda and coerces one to believe that anything anti-community is a threat to their existence and livelihood? This empire can’t crumble soon enough

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[–] HarryLime@hexbear.net 3 points 4 days ago (1 children)

Hoping for Commanders vs Bills or Ravens. Getting a bad feeling it's gonna be the Chiefs vs the Eagles again.

[–] Hohsia@hexbear.net 3 points 4 days ago

I’ve ruined football for myself because all I see is people acting like QBs control all aspects of the game. Kinda irks me because they very clearly do not, but thinking about that is boring for most

[–] keepcarrot@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago

One of the bizarre negative experiences I remember from the wider internet is telling an extremely mundane story (that was somehow relevant to the thread) and having someone saying "Yeah, like that happened."

Just, why?

[–] Dolores@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago) (2 children)

getting unreasonably miffed at the idea in lord of the rings that a kingdom would declare they were waiting for the 'right' bloodline to come back instead of just crowning a new nonce. god forbid Aragorn being a distant claimant be a political question, no 99% of the kingdom is just passively in agreement he should be king

[–] GalaxyBrain@hexbear.net 7 points 5 days ago* (last edited 5 days ago) (6 children)

Denethor talks about that in the book. It's a combination of ceremonial bullshit and also the nobility in Gondor have the same Numenorian long life thing that aragorn does so the line of Stewarts post King isn't as long as the time elapsed would suggest. Also 99% of the kingdom doesn't have a say. It's a monarchy and aragorn did real good by everyone in power who survived. He also won over a lot of normies as well with his christ style healing powers. You help save the world from certain Doom, have a solid though distant claim to the throne, the guy that could try to oppose you doesn't want the power and thinks you're a cool guy, he was getting in

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[–] Blockocheese@hexbear.net 9 points 6 days ago

God and mother nature conspiring to prevent me from doing pokemon go meetups

[–] Poogona@hexbear.net 9 points 6 days ago (1 children)

Martial arts fiction discovered how to square the gender circle with its "strong yet supple" ideal prove me wrong

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[–] Rojo27@hexbear.net 3 points 5 days ago (1 children)

I don't know what possessed me to:

A. Willingly try to finish 2 hours worth of work in about an hour

B. Push myself this hard for this job.

Maybe some misguided sense of comradery for my coworkers that have to deal with customer. Maybe because I want to keep my job because I would like not to find myself unemployed or employed somewhere I'll be earning way less money. But yeah... Went the entire day just constantly working to keep up, didn't lunch, and by the end my heart started racing because I was stressing myself out like that. I really am a fucking workaholic because it the only thing that distracts my mind from the negativity I feel sometimes.Ugh.

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[–] ClathrateG@hexbear.net 6 points 5 days ago

mfw my salt runs out at the same time as my shampoo

GONGOs to blame?

[–] stigsbandit34z@hexbear.net 8 points 6 days ago

Gg everyone is flocking to instagram now lolololololol

People are fucking trash. Godamn treat enjoyers

[–] Blockocheese@hexbear.net 3 points 5 days ago

Guy who's into the third full week of January and is considering using their third day of pto to avoid driving in the snow or the avoid the single digital temps thinking-about-it

[–] EstraDoll@hexbear.net 9 points 6 days ago (2 children)

absolutely terrible but really fun sounding idea: Buckshot Routlette but a tabletop "board" game where each player wears shock cuffs on their wrists and every time you get "shot" you get a massive electrical shock instead

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