DonaldJMusk

joined 3 months ago
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[–] DonaldJMusk 3 points 2 days ago

Thanks for this!

[–] DonaldJMusk 0 points 2 days ago
[–] DonaldJMusk -4 points 2 days ago

Because he fucked everything up and we are still dealing with him. Not only that, but Lemmy is in love with him, worshipped him, and cried when he stepped down. So yeah, you are gonna probably hear about him a little bit longer. You may wanna block this community so you don't have to see anything about him.

[–] DonaldJMusk 1 points 2 days ago

I was surprised and disappointed to read about the sterility of Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata hybrids. The study revealed that while these two species can interbreed and produce hybrids, those hybrids are completely sterile due to severe gonadal defects.

Hybrids between Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata were intermediate in both development speed and morphology, showing traits from both parent species. Despite these successes, the hybrids had extremely abortive gonads, leaving them sterile.

What’s even more concerning is that similar reports of sterility have been found in hybrids between Bombina orientalis and Bombina variegata—the exact two species I have in the same tank.

Knowing this, I will now separate the two species since their hybrid offspring will face the same reproductive limitations.

 

The .pdf linked is very detailed and well-researched. Here's very short summary of it:

Hybrid zones—regions where distinct species meet and interbreed—offer valuable insights into the role of ecological factors in shaping the genetic makeup of populations. The hybrid zone between Bombina bombina and B. variegata, two closely related species of fire-bellied toads, provides a compelling case study of hybridization at an ecotone, a region where ecological habitats shift abruptly. This paper explores the hybridization dynamics of Bombina species in the Stryi River Valley of Ukraine, drawing on a comprehensive study by Yanchukov et al. (2006) to examine the interplay between habitat preference, ecological gradients, and genetic introgression.

Yanchukov et al. (2006) investigated the hybrid zone between B. bombina and B. variegata in the Stryi River Valley, an area that exhibits a sharp ecological transition. The study employed a combination of genetic markers, including allozyme loci, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotypes, to trace the distribution of hybrid individuals. By analyzing allele frequency clines and comparing these with habitat features, the authors aimed to understand how ecological factors, such as aquatic habitat and elevation, influence the width and structure of the hybrid zone.

Ecotones, transitional zones between different ecological habitats, are key areas for studying hybridization. In the case of B. bombina and B. variegata, the ecotone is marked by differences in aquatic habitats: B. bombina prefers permanent ponds, while B. variegata is more adapted to ephemeral puddles. Yanchukov et al. (2006) suggest that the sharpness of the ecotone in the Stryi area plays a crucial role in shaping the narrow hybrid zone. The width of the hybrid zone, estimated at 2.3 km, is notably smaller than other Bombina hybrid zones studied across Europe, indicating that ecological factors such as habitat distribution and preference can significantly influence the extent of gene flow between species.

One of the key findings of the study is the role of habitat preference in structuring the hybrid zone. The authors argue that the distribution of B. bombina and B. variegata along the Stryi ecotone is not random but rather shaped by each species’ habitat preferences. B. bombina is adapted to ponds, while B. variegata favors puddles. This difference in habitat preference leads to a spatial segregation of the two species and reduces the dispersal of hybrid individuals across the ecotone. The authors suggest that this ecological barrier helps maintain the narrowness of the hybrid zone, even in the face of ongoing genetic exchange.

Moreover, the study shows that genetic introgression is asymmetric, with B. variegata alleles more frequently introgressing into B. bombina populations. This finding suggests that selective pressures may favor the spread of B. variegata genes into the B. bombina gene pool, possibly due to the greater dispersal capacity of B. variegata adults, which are better adapted to moving overland in search of new breeding sites.

The Stryi hybrid zone was resampled after more than 70 years, providing a unique opportunity to assess the stability of hybrid zones over long periods. Yanchukov et al. (2006) compare their results with those of previous studies, finding that the position and structure of the hybrid zone have remained largely unchanged. However, the study also highlights some shifts, particularly in the patterns of introgression along the riverbank, suggesting that hybrid zones may not be static and can evolve over time in response to changes in habitat and population dynamics.

The study by Yanchukov et al. (2006) offers valuable insights into the dynamics of hybrid zones and the influence of ecological factors on genetic flow. By combining genetic and ecological data, the authors demonstrate that hybrid zones are shaped not only by the direct interaction of species but also by the broader ecological context in which these species live. The narrow hybrid zone observed in the Stryi River Valley underscores the importance of habitat preference and distribution in determining the extent of gene flow between species. This study contributes to our understanding of how ecological gradients influence hybridization and highlights the importance of long-term studies in assessing the stability of hybrid zones.

[–] DonaldJMusk 1 points 2 days ago

Super interesting part about these fire-bellied toads being observed: "The Doberg frogs were repeatedly observed to cover themselves with pond soil. This could hint at a perception of the imperfect match of their dorsal coloration to the substrate."

This indicates that the frogs from the Doberg population, when they were observed in the wild, were covering themselves with debris, possibly as a behavioral response to the mismatch between their dorsal coloration and the surrounding substrate.

Suggests that the frogs might recognize the inadequacy of their camouflage and attempt to improve their concealme

[–] DonaldJMusk 1 points 2 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago)

Super interesting part about these fire-bellied toads being observed: "The Doberg frogs were repeatedly observed to cover themselves with pond soil. This could hint at a perception of the imperfect match of their dorsal coloration to the substrate."

This indicates that the frogs from the Doberg population, when they were observed in the wild, were covering themselves with debris, possibly as a behavioral response to the mismatch between their dorsal coloration and the surrounding substrate.

Suggests that the frogs might recognize the inadequacy of their camouflage and attempt to improve their concealment by adding debris, thereby enhancing their cryptic coloration.

[–] DonaldJMusk -1 points 2 days ago

I have heard people saying stuff like that happens. But my camera shows the entire walk up to my house. So no real way they could get to my front door without being seen.

[–] DonaldJMusk -2 points 3 days ago* (last edited 2 days ago)

Complicated issue.

I fully support trans being able to run in open competition though and I think that would solve a lot of the problems people from both sides of the debate are having.

[–] DonaldJMusk 1 points 1 week ago
[–] DonaldJMusk 1 points 1 week ago

Yeah, I'm thinking that to reach our 90's we have to be positive. I def think it has something to do with longevity. Not so much that being positive will mean that we live past 90, but that we probably won't make it to 90 if we're not positive.

I'm a pretty positive guy, my family is long lived, and I have an awesome life and I'm healthy. So I planning on making it to at least 100. We'll see.

It's also about learning new things. I've just decided to start learning programing in the Lua language today. So I still get excited about little things like that

[–] DonaldJMusk 0 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago)

Like all your communities, it’s just you shouting fascist nonsense into the void along with enough calisthenics that people don’t think you’re a nazi.

So then why are you here? If you think it's so terrible, just block and move on.

You would be utterly alone if you didn’t piss people off enough to troll you.

I guess you are proving that by not blocking me, then going around making up things about me, and talking about me in other communities and posts. :)

You’re nothing more than a troll yourself.

Nah. See, I don't go into communities I don't like and just post nonsense to stir up trouble. Trolls do that. And wow, lookee there! That's exactly what you are doing.

But it doesn’t matter, you also have a public modlog and post history.

Yep, and that's why I love Lemmy and the Fediverse. I love that everything is public. So when you say shit about me, I can always ask for evidence because everything is poublic. And of course, you can never provide it.

It tells a story of you chasing off anybody who doesn’t share your exact beliefs and a sad attempt at pretending your life is positive.

Oh, you mean like you trying to tell everyone to block me and ban me because you think I'm UM? The fucking socialist. The guy who voted for the green party? I voted for Trump. I ain't a part of any of that nonsense.

That lets me know that it's you who tries to run off anyone who doesn't believe exactly what you do. You're the one trying to bully people of Lemmy.

Which by the way didn't work with him or her, and won't work with me. I'll stay on Lemmy no matter how angry it makes you or how much you try to bully me.

because we’ve all figured out the type of asshole you are and that’s enough for most of us to block you.

Except you haven't blocked me (even after you promised to while saying you were gonna tell on me lmao). Here you are, talking to me, running up views in my communities, mocking up fake comments, running around talking about me all the time.

I think you like me. Come on, admit it. You kinda have a little crush on me, don't you?

But go ahead and delete this comment.

Oh heck no! I want everybody to see how obsessed you are with me. No way am I deleting this convo! lmao

All your big talk, but here you are, not blocking me. Not blocking my communities. And now you're totally crushing on me. I love the attention. Keep going. Don't stop now!

[–] DonaldJMusk 0 points 1 week ago* (last edited 1 week ago) (2 children)

Don't worry, I won't delete your post. I'll leave it up, because I want everyone to see how obsessed you are. I love the attention you're giving me. You even mock up stuff. All that work, just for me. lololololol

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