this post was submitted on 21 Jun 2024
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History

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Helmeted demonstrators on a grassy bank, armed with flagpoles, c. 1970s. Photo credit Takashi Hamaguchi

On this day in 1966, the Japanese government announced the construction of an airport on farmland in rural Sanrizuka, without permission of displaced locals. The struggle was led by the Sanrizuka-Shibayama United Opposition League against Construction of the Narita Airport, which locals formed under the leadership of opposition parties the Communist Party and Socialist Party. The struggle resulted in significant delays in the opening of the airport, as well as deaths on both sides.

At its height, the union mobilised 17,500 people for a general rally, while thousands of riot police were brought in on several occasions.

The area around Sanrizuka had been farmland since the Middle Ages, and, prior to the 1940s, much of the land had been privately owned by the Japanese Imperial Household.

Many locals were economically reliant on the Imperial estate at Goryō Farm, and local farmers had a strong economic and emotional attachment to the land. After Japan's defeat in World War II, large tracts of royal land were sold off and subsequently settled by poor rural laborers.

In the 1960s, the Japanese government planned to build a second airport in the Tokyo area to support Japan's rapid economic development. After meeting resistance from locals on the site's first chosen location, the rural town of Tomisato, the government was donated remaining land in Sanrizuka by the Imperial Family.

Locals in Sanrizuka were outraged when the government announced its plans. The Sanrizuka-Shibayama United Opposition League Against the Construction of Narita Airport (or Hantai Dōmei) was formed in 1966, and began to engage in a variety of tactics of resistance, including legal buy-ups, sit-ins, and occupations.

Meanwhile, the Japanese radical student movement was growing, and the League soon formed an alliance with active New Left groups; one major factor drawing the groups the together was that, under the US-Japan Security Treaty, the US military had free access to Japanese air facilities. As a result, it was likely the airport would be used for transporting troops and arms in the Vietnam War.

The demonstrators built huts and watchtowers along proposed construction sites. On October 10th, 1967, the government attempted to conduct a land survey, backed by over 2000 riot police. Clashes quickly broke out, and Hantai Domei leader Issaku Tomura was photographed being brutalized by police, further inflaming anti-airport sentiment.

Protests further grew and intensified over the next few years as the state pressed on with attempts to build the airport. Protestors would dig into the ground, build fortifications, and arm themselves against police. Construction was delayed by years, and the conflict would cost the government billions of yen.

On September 16th, 1971, three police officers were killed during an eminent domain expropriation. Four days later, police forcibly removed and destroyed the house of an elderly woman, an incident that became yet another symbol of state oppression to the opposition.

One student committed suicide, saying in his suicide note that "I detest those who brought the airport to this land". In 1972, the protestors built a 60 meter-high steel tower near the runway in order to disrupt flight tests. Conflict continued through much of the 1970s.

In 1977, the government announced plans to open the airport within the year. In May, police destroyed the tower while demonstrators attempted to cling on to it, provoking a new wave of widespread conflict. One protestor was killed after being struck in the head by a tear gas canister. In March 1978, the first runway was set to open, but a few days prior, a group of saboteurs burrowed into the main control tower, barricaded themselves inside, and proceeded to lay waste to the tower's equipment and infrastructure, delaying the opening yet again to May 20th, 1978.

Resistance continued after the airport was opened. Although many locals began to accept the airport and leave the land, the focus of Hantai Dōmei shifted to opposing plans for additional terminals and runways, as the airport's current size still only reflected a fraction of initial plans.

Clashes continued through the 1980s - on October 20th, 1985, members of the communist New Left group Chukaku-ha broke though police lines with logs and flagpoles, successfully attacking infrastructure in one of the last large-scale battles of the resistance campaign. Guerilla actions and bombings continued as late as the 1990s.

Although this campaign of resistance has largely shifted out of public attention in Japan, its presence is still felt: until 2015, all visitors were required to present ID cards for security reasons, and the airport still remains only a third of its initially-planned size. The Sanrizuka Struggle has never completely ended, and the Opposition League still exists and holds rallies.

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[–] hexaflexagonbear@hexbear.net 11 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago)

Diligently jotting down usernames of people liking my problematic posts on twitter. Will forward to Matt Taibi when appropriate.

[–] AntiOutsideAktion@hexbear.net 11 points 1 year ago (4 children)

The Adventures of an Amazon Delivery Driver! Today's Episode: Baby's First Heat Advisory

Says it's going to be 100+ today. blob-on-fire ask me tonight if I'm still alive

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[–] HarryLime@hexbear.net 11 points 1 year ago (4 children)

Putin and Kim Jong-Un looked so happy with each other, they vibe so hard.

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[–] wombat@hexbear.net 11 points 1 year ago

it is june 23 and stalin saved the world from fascism

[–] NewAcctWhoDis@hexbear.net 11 points 1 year ago

Just saw someone recommend TrashFuture in a vtuber chat lmao

[–] john_browns_beard@hexbear.net 11 points 1 year ago (4 children)

I've been trying different brands of ramen lately and had my first Buldak today, that shit is incredible. I can't believe I've made it so far not knowing anything besides cup of noodles and basic Maruchan bricks.

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[–] WhyEssEff@hexbear.net 11 points 1 year ago

on one hand, FromSoft difficulty hasn't been the main hook point for me on their games (I like the worldbuilding and storytelling), so I get why people are getting mad about SotE being really hard in a non-circumventable way, even knowing which franchise they are playing

that being said dead-dove-1 dead-dove-2 dead-dove-3

[–] ratboy@hexbear.net 11 points 1 year ago

Got to go on my first bike ride of the summer! 16.5 miles, got to dip my toes into a river and got a celebratory Slurpee at the end. I friggin love bikes

sicko-biker

[–] Nakoichi@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago

Woke up and looked at my phone and there was a text from an unrecognized number that was a reply to a text that began with "hey baby" and I thought oh shit was I being weird? No I just let some girl text her husband at the bar.

[–] bigboopballs@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago

fuck landlords
fuck cars

[–] Stpetergriffonsberg@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago

Caught the end of a youtube video that implied that European imperialism happened because the Mongols were so violent that it cancelled out the new appreciation for peace the Europeans had after the Crusades

[–] Kaputnik@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago

Today I have learned sodium lauryl sulfate can cause skin irritation after the top layer of skin in my mouth has sloughed off an hour after using mouthwash

the-more-you-know

[–] Red_Sunshine_Over_Florida@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (7 children)

Hope my dad's alright. He's been nauseous all day and so dizzy when trying to get up that he's afraid of moving long distances. Idk.

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[–] DragonBallZinn@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago* (last edited 1 year ago) (5 children)

Can someone recommend some good theory to me on fascism and what we’re up against? Even if there are some ‘theory’ written by fascists themselves so I can at least know thy enemy.

Because to me, fascism in the modern day is weirdly international, if I were a fash in Amerikkka, why would I support fascists in other countries that see me as a rival? Let’s look at some of the friendly relationships between the Amerikkkan fascist and Duginists. If my ideology is all about ultranationalism, and I believe fascism makes my nation powerful, why would I promote such ultranationalism in other countries, let alone countries populated by demographics historically seen as “ze untersmench” by the majority?

Hell, the whole point of porky blaming ‘da jooz’ whenever things go south is to deceive the working class into thinking their problems arise from “lesser capitalists” usurping the old money’s “rightful place” on the top. To a fascist ideal, logically there should only be one fascist state remaining.

EDIT: Ok, I'm dumb, fascists have always been internationalists and seem to overcome the contradiction of eventually having to go to war against rival fascist countries simply by being in coalition with their rival fascists, ready to dispose of each other when they 'outlive their usefulness'.

[–] starkillerfish@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (1 children)

In WW2, Germany did ally with Italy and Japan, as well as aiding other fascist regimes like Hungary or Spain. So I don’t think the international nature is a new thing. Sometimes fascists recognize their mutual goal of fighting socialist movements, so I would say it is more an opportunistic alliance.

For theory recommendations: I really like this essay by Esha that talks about the policies of fascism https://www.historicly.net/p/the-economy-of-evil

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[–] Coca_Cola_but_Commie@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (2 children)

It's so funny that they're going ahead with the 2024 presidential debates after the clusterfuck of the 2020 debate, where IIRC they cancelled two of the debates after Trump spent the first debate running roughshod over Biden. No concerns over this making Trump, who is literally a felon and an insurrectionist (even if it was a half-assed insurrection and also the actual half-assed insurrection Trump did was when he tried to stop the states counting votes and not the Jan. 6th riot), seem more legitimate. Though I guess he was already President so maybe he can't be made to be seen as an illegitimate candidate, I don't know how the electoral wonks feel about that.

But mostly it's funny because Biden is so obviously in decline. It was a pretty bad showing in 2020, they're really gonna have to pump him full of adrenochrome to make him even seem present in the moment. Not that Trump isn't very old also, but from what little I've seen of the both of them recently Trump mentally seems to be more or less where he was in 2015, whereas Biden seems mostly out-of-it if he isn't reading from a teleprompter.

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[–] PaulSmackage@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (2 children)

It's always funny when you're playing a simulation shooter and getting blamed the game isn't going well. It's like, no one has a plan, and i've only got a bolt action rifle. Sorry for dying you chumps.

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[–] Moss@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (2 children)

University is the fucking worst sometimes. So I had two tours to attend during my last semester for a module, worth 5% each. I went to both and assumed that would be a guaranteed 10%, because I did what was asked. Did I get the 10%? No. Why? No fucking clue. We were never told to provide any proof or sign anything, and the professor didn't take attendance on the day, so I guess my professor just fucking forgot. Great. 10% is the difference between a pass and a fail. So I emailed my professor. I get an automated email back saying that she can't get back to me because she's busy all summer. Fucking brilliant. Emailed the tutor. Gone for the summer. I can't use the appeal systems because it requires me to fill out a form with evidence that supports my appeal, and the only evidence is that my professor saw me with her own two fucking eyes. But of course she can't verify anything because she's busy. If I have to resit an entire module in my last year of college because my professor forgot about me I'm actually going to kill myself.

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[–] BasementParty@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (2 children)

Imagining really unfortunate but funny things happening to me because I'm so dissociated from my own life that tragic events are just bits to me.

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[–] CliffordBigRedDog@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (7 children)

Dude i fking love reddit man

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[–] BasementParty@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago

The problem I have with a lot of anime protagonists is that they're the most fucking useless pieces of shit when it comes to conflict for like 95% of the story and then they become badass at the end.

This should be a gradual process. There are only so many times I can watch someone be pathetic before it gets old. I get you want to introduce conflict and have overarching problems the character needs to work through. But you can at least have it be a give and take. Make them more confident as the series goes on but still have some pitfalls. Don't just have them shit their pants and suck their thumb no matter what the story throws at them until the very end.

[–] ashinadash@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (2 children)

joker-stare why are novels actually though

I mean be serious, who would even

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[–] someone@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (1 children)
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[–] Abracadaniel@hexbear.net 10 points 1 year ago (8 children)

Latest Dan Olson (Folding Ideas) video seems really pretentious and navel-gazey. Is it worth watching?

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