I mean historically there was a difference between vulgarity (saying rude stuff) and cursing (insulting/invoking disdain at people or circumstances).
People said fuck and shit (or their equivalents) etc for thousands of years, but not necessarily as cursing or insults. Mother fucker, shit head etc are much more modern, even if the words are older.
People were much more religious so saying god damn you/burn in hell etc was serious and often the thing used to curse. “What in damnation” sounds silly but it was offensive. Some people still are really religious.
Blasphemy/taking the lords name etc was a bigger deal. I know in Italy if you’re really pissed off you still say “porco dio” or god-pork/pig, it’s an absurd thing, but the severe blasphemy makes it so rude.